Flashback: a narrative device that flashes back to prior
events.
Foil: a person or thing that, by contrast, makes another
seem better or more prominent.
Folk Tale: story passed on by word of mouth.
Foreshadowing: in fiction and drama, a device to prepare the
reader for the outcome of the action; “planning” to make the outcome
convincing, though not to give it away.
Free Verse: verse without conventional metrical pattern,
with irregular pattern or no rhyme.
Genre: a category or class of artistic endeavor having a
particular form, technique, or content.
Gothic Tale: a style in literature characterized by gloomy
settings, violent or grotesque action, and a mood of decay, degeneration, and
decadence.
Hyperbole: an exaggerated statement often used as a figure
of speech or to prove a point.
Imagery: figures of speech or vivid description, conveying
images through any of the senses.
Implication: a meaning or understanding that is to be arrive
at by the reader but that is not fully and explicitly stated by the author.
Incongruity: the deliberate joining of opposites or of
elements that are not appropriate to each other.
Inference: a judgement or conclusion based on evidence
presented; the forming of an opinion which possesses some degree of probability
according to facts already available.
Irony: a contrast or incongruity between what is said and
what is meant, or what is expected to happen and what actually happens, or what
is thought to be happening and what is actually happening.
Interior Monologue: a form of writing which represents the
inner thoughts of a character; the recording of the internal, emotional
experience(s) of an individual; generally the reader is given the impression of
overhearing the interior monologue.
Inversion: words out of order for emphasis.
Juxtaposition: the intentional placement of a word, phrase,
sentences of paragraph to contrast with another nearby.
Lyric: a poem having musical form and quality; a short
outburst of the author’s innermost thoughts and feelings.
Magic(al) Realism: a
genre developed in Latin America which juxtaposes the everyday with the marvelous or magical.
Metaphor(extended, controlling, and mixed): an analogy that
compare two different
things imaginatively.
Extended: a metaphor that is extended or developed as far as
the writer
wants to take it.
Controlling: a metaphor that runs throughout the piece of
work.
Mixed: a metaphor that ineffectively blends two or more
analogies.
Metonymy: literally
“name changing” a device of figurative language in which the name of an
attribute or associated thing is substituted for the usual name of a thing.
Mode of Discourse:
argument (persuasion), narration, description, and exposition.
Modernism: literary
movement characterized by stylistic experimentation, rejection of tradition,
interest in symbolism and psychology
Monologue: an
extended speech by a character in a play, short story, novel, or narrative
poem.
Mood: the
predominating atmosphere evoked by a literary piece.
Motif: a recurring
feature (name, image, or phrase) in a piece of literature.
Myth: a story, often
about immortals, and sometimes connected with religious rituals, that attempts
to give meaning to the mysteries of the world.
Narrative: a story or
description of events.
Narrator: one who narrates,
or tells, a story.
Naturalism: extreme form of realism.
Novelette/Novella: short story; short prose narrative, often
satirical.
Omniscient Point of View:
knowing all things, usually the third person.
Onomatopoeia: use of a word whose sound in some degree
imitates or suggests its
meaning.
Oxymoron: a figure of speech in which two contradicting
words or phrases are combined to produce a rhetorical effect by means of a
concise paradox.
Pacing: rate of
movement; tempo.
Parable: a story
designed to convey some religious principle, moral lesson, or general truth.
Paradox: a statement
apparently self-contradictory or absurd but really containing a possible truth;
an opinion contrary to generally accepted ideas.
Parallelism: the principle in sentence structure that states
elements of equal function should have equal form.
Parody: an imitation
of mimicking of a composition or of the style of a well-known artist.
Pathos: the ability
in literature to call forth feelings of pity, compassion, and/or sadness.
Pedantry: a display of learning for its own sake.
Personification: a figure of speech attributing human
qualities to inanimate objects or
abstract ideas.
Plot: a plan or scheme to accomplish a purpose.
Poignant: eliciting
sorrow or sentiment.
Point of View: the attitude unifying any oral or written
argumentation; in description, the physical point from which the observer views
what he is describing.
Postmodernism: literature characterized by experimentation,
irony, nontraditional forms, multiple meanings, playfulness and a blurred
boundary between real and imaginary.
Prose: the ordinary
form of spoken and written language; language that does not have a regular
rhyme pattern.
Protagonist: the central character in a work of fiction;
opposes antagonist.
Pun: play on words;
the humorous use of a word emphasizing different meanings or applications.
Purpose: the intended result wished by an author.
Realism: writing
about the ordinary aspects of life in a straightfoward manner to reflect life
as it actually is.
Refrain: a phrase or
verse recurring at intervals in a poem or song; chorus.
Requiem: any chant,
dirge, hymn, or musical service for the dead.
Resolution: point in a literary work at which the chief
dramatic complication is worked out; denouement.
Restatement: idea repeated for emphasis.
Rhetoric: use of language, both written and verbal in order
to persuade.
Rhetorical Question: question suggesting its own answer or
not requiring an answer; used in argument or persuasion.
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